contrary / in reverse / inside out or upside down / to reverse / to return / to oppose / opposite / against / anti- / to rebel / to use analogy / instead / abbr. for 反切[fan3 qie4] phonetic system
(lit. and fig.) to permeate / to seep into / (of a product, idea etc) to penetrate (in a population) / (of hostile forces) to infiltrate / (chemistry) osmosis