Pinyin initial: "m"

Mouth Mechanics (step-by-step)

1. Bring your lips together gently (closed, but not tight).
2. Keep your teeth slightly apart behind the lips (don’t clench).
3. Relax your tongue—it can rest naturally in the mouth; it does not need to touch anything special.
4. Turn on your voice: make a steady, buzzy hum “mmmm…”.
   • You should feel vibration in your lips and nose.
5. Open into the vowel smoothly (don’t “pop” the lips open).
   • Example flow: m…a → ma, m…wo → mo, m…ə(n) → men, m…ə(ng) → meng.

Key feeling: continuous sound from m into the final, like one connected motion.

English Approximation (what to copy)

These English words contain essentially the same m sound. Copy only the m part:

• “me” — the m at the beginning is the target sound.
• “mother” — the first sound m is the target sound.
• “summer” — the middle -mm- is the target sound (smooth and voiced).

What to focus on: in English, m is already voiced and made with closed lips, which matches Mandarin m well. Your main job is to keep it smooth, and then open directly into the vowel that follows.

Common Mistakes (English-speaker traps)

• Adding a “pop” or extra release: Don’t explode into the vowel. Mandarin m should flow into the vowel without a hard burst.
• Adding an extra vowel before the syllable: Avoid saying something like “uh-ma” or “em-ma.” Start directly with m.
• Nasal blockage / “stuffy” m: If you pinch off airflow so it can’t resonate, the sound gets tight. Keep the hum relaxed.
• Letting the vowel change the m: The m stays the same no matter what comes next (a, o, ai, ao, en, eng, etc.). Only the following vowel/final changes.

Practice Pairs (visualizing the sound)

Note: These English words are approximations for the full syllable. The main target here is the initial m: closed lips + voiced hum + smooth transition.

Comparisons and Caveats (similar sounds to watch out for)

m vs. b / p

• m is nasal: air resonates through the nose while the lips are closed. You can hum it and hold it: “mmmm…”
• b / p are stops: lips close and then release; you can’t “hold” them the same way.
  • If you can sustain the sound (“mmmmmm”), it’s m, not b/p.

m is stable across finals

• Mandarin m stays the same whether the final is:
  • open vowel: ma
  • with a glide: mai, mei, mao, mou
  • with a nasal ending: man, men, mang, meng
• Don’t “reshape” the m—only change the mouth shape for the vowel after the m.

m + -n vs. m + -ng

• man / men end with -n (tongue tip moves toward the front area behind the upper teeth).
• mang / meng end with -ng (back of the tongue lifts; the ending feels farther back).
• Keep the m identical; the difference is in the ending, not the start.

m before “o” (spelled “mo”)

• In this system, mo has a w-like glide after m (it’s closer to “mwo…”).
  Keep the m closed-lip hum, then round the lips as you move into the vowel.