文明

civilized / civilization / culture / CL:個|个[ge4]

language / culture / writing / formal / literary / gentle / (old) classifier for coins / Kangxi radical 67

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) / surname Ming / Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝[Yan2 di4] descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God

bright / opposite: dark 暗[an4] / (of meaning) clear / to understand / next / public or open / wise / generic term for a sacrifice to the gods

Mesopotamian civilization

ancient civilization

civilize

Short History of Civilization, late Qing novel by Li Boyuan 李伯元[Li3 Bo2 yuan2] or Li Baojia 李寶嘉|李宝嘉[Li3 Bao3 jia1] describing the turmoil after the 1900 Eight-Nation Alliance 八國聯軍|八国联军[Ba1 guo2 Lian2 jun1]

lifestyle diseases

Eastern civilization

material culture

material and spiritual culture / matter and mind / material progress, ideology and culture (philosophic slogan, adopted into Deng Xiaoping theory from 1978)

spiritual culture