苦

bitter / hardship / pain / to suffer / to bring suffering to / painstakingly

surname Gu

ancient / old / paleo-

grass radical 草字頭兒|草字头儿[cao3 zi4 tou2 r5]

why bother? / is it worth the trouble?

to spare no effort

to make nothing of hardships

to pour out one's grievances

to have suffered all kinds of hardships (idiom)

the eight distresses - birth, age, sickness, death, parting with what we love, meeting with what we hate, unattained aims, and all the ills of the five skandhas (Buddhism)

to treat (sb) unjustly / anguish caused by an injustice

excruciating

unable to bear the pain (idiom)

second persecution

lit. the pain of being hanged upside down (idiom); fig. extremely critical situation / dire straits